How to Build a 12-volt DC LED Light

How to Build a 12-volt DC LED Light

An LED is a diode optimized to emit light. LEDs have many useful applications, such as in electronics, security, transportation and toys.



Because they are semiconductors, LEDs are delicate and prone to breakage if too much current runs through them. To avoid this problem, use them in combination with a resistor. The resistor's value may be calculated with Ohm's Law. The 12 volts may be generated with the use of batteries or a DC power supply. Electronic circuit trainers also may produce the needed voltage.

Instructions
1
Study how to calculate the value for the resistor R. Using Ohm's Law, the general formula is R = (Voltage Source -- LED Voltage) / LED Current. Note that R is the minimal resistance that should be used. It may be necessary to use a larger size.

2
Calculate the minimum value of R for a current of 20 milliamps. It is R is (12 V -- 1.8 V) / 0.020 = 510 ohms. This is not a standard resistance value. Use 560 ohms.


3.Build a series circuit with the 12-volt source, 560-ohm resistor and LED. Using jumper wires, attach one end of the resistor to the positive terminal of the power supply. Wire the resistor's other end to the positive side of the LED. To recall, the positive side usually has a longer lead than the negative one at the bottom. However, the negative lead is normally longer at the top, inside the plastic casing.

4
Connect the negative side of the LED to the power supply's ground. Turn the power supply on. The LED will light. If the LED is not bright enough, redo the calculations to use a current of 25 milliamps, in which case the resistor value that should be used is 470 ohms.



Tips & Warnings
Never use a resistor value that is below that of the calculated minimum value.


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How to Turn Off the LED Light on a BlackBerry Curve

How to Turn Off the LED Light on a BlackBerry Curve

The LED light on the Blackberry Curve is an indicator light that will notify you when you receive new mail, receive new texts or voice mails, if your battery is low, if you are out of range, or if you are using the Bluetooth function. Depending on your model of BlackBerry Curve, your LED light will be red or blue. While the LED light can be advantageous is alerting you, it can also be draining on the battery as well as simply annoying. Fortunately, turning off the LED light on your BlackBerry Curve is a simple process.


Instructions
1
Press the "BlackBerry" key on your phone's keyboard.

2
Select the "Settings" icon.




3.Select "Options" from the menu.

4
Select the "Screen/Keyboard" option from the menu.

5
Scroll to the "LED Coverage Indicator" option and select "Off."

6
Press the "BlackBerry" key on your phone's keyboard.

7
Select the "Save" option from the menu.

Tips & Warnings
On some models of the BlackBerry Curve there will not be a "Settings" option but rather "Options."

Sometimes the BlackBerry Curve LED light will not turn off even if you have changed the LED settings. If this is the case, your phone may need to be reset. To do this, turn off your phone, remove the battery cover and then remove the battery. Wait 10 seconds before replacing the battery and turning your phone back on.




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Apple prepping major iPhone revamp for 2012 with new way of charging the phone

HP’s Touchstone wireless charging technology as shown with the Pre
The Wall Street Journal follows up on their earlier report about the iPhone 5, once again calling for a thinner and lighter device with an 8 megapixel camera – but with a design akin to the iPhone 4. Tonight’s new report claims that Apple is already at working on a major iPhone revamp for the product’s sixth iteration. The phone, which will launch sometime in 2012, is said to include a “new way of charging the phone.”
This “new way of charging” jogs our memory of a report from This is my next, who claimed that Apple is already at work on complete iPhone revamp. That report pegged a thinner device with a 3.7 inch Retina Display, a gesture-based home button, and “cable-free juicing.” Perhaps this new way of charging is HP webOS-esque cable-free charging. Perhaps this also means that the other innovations discussed by This is my next will appear in the sixth-generation iPhone.

In addition, the WSJ is reiterating earlier claims by many and says that Apple is still working on a lower-priced iPhone with an edge-to-edge display. On a final note, contradicting Bloomberg’s claim that the iPhone 5 was delayed until September because iOS 5 was not ready, the new WSJ report says that the iPhone 5 is launching in late September because the hardware was simply not ready for a summer launch.
A person briefed on Apple’s product plans said the company initially planned to launch its next iPhone this summer as it usually does, but the device wasn’t ready in time.
The fifth-generation iPhone is also expected to feature the dual-core A5 processor found in the iPad 2 and a new Qualcomm-built cellular chip that can connect to both GSM and CDMA networks across the globe.

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iPhone 5 redesign likely says WSJ, but have you met the iPad HD?

The Wall Street Journal now seems to be confirming what our sources told us back in April about the iPhone 5 (or whatever Apple decides to call it). According to the report (which closely mirrors some of the chatter we’d been hearing previously), the new device will be thinner and lighter than the iPhone 4, and is expected to launch sometime in the fall. The report says that orders are being placed with suppliers in China, meaning that production lines will likely start rolling soon. The report also calls out the fact that the new phones will be utilizing Qualcomm chips in place of Infineon parts — something we reported at Engadget in January of this year. Interestingly, the article makes mention of another new iPhone set to be introduced next year with ”new ways of charging the phone” (inductive, perhaps), and a less-expensive variation of the iPhone — a rumor we’ve also heard — which would have an edge-to-edge screen. That latter bit doesn’t make a lot of sense, but it’s possible both new devices would utilize a similar screen layout. Of course, there’s a lot more to this story than just what the WSJ is reporting, so read on after the break for the full details.

Our sources are saying that not only will there be a newly designed iPhone coming in the fall, but there is going to be a new entry into the iPad family as well. As hard as it might be to believe, the new tablet is said to sport a double resolution screen (2048 x 1536), and will be dubbed the “iPad HD.” The idea behind the product is apparently that it will be a “pro” device aimed at a higher end market — folks who work in video and photo production possibly — and will be introduced alongside something like an iPad version of Final Cut or Aperture. This product is specifically said to not be the iPad 3, rather a complimentary piece of the iPad 2 line. Think MacBook and MacBook Pro.

There’s one question that has yet to be answered, however. Just why was everyone reporting on the supposed “iPhone 4S” recently? It seems that just a few months ago the entire tech media world was convinced the new iPhone was set to be merely an iPhone 4 update — and now many are assuming that the 4S will actually be this cheaper version the WSJ is rumoring. Well, we have the answer. Simply put, as the iPhone 5 components are built for a smaller and lighter device, they can be easily fit into a casing which for all intents and purposes looks identical to an wholesale iPhone 4… and that’s exactly what Apple has been doing. Our sources tell us that the company has been testing the new components in old iPhone cases, for obvious reasons. Some of those reports we’ve heard about a larger screen for the old design would make sense too, as a slight tweak of the size (say, to a 3.7-inch display), would be barely noticeable to the eye, but obvious in internal component design. So if you’ve been wondering why the rumors about the iPhone 4S rose to such a din, now you know.

Why abandon the iPhone 4 design so quickly though? We’ve heard that the device is out of favor at the highest levels of the company, and folks are ready to move on to an entirely new product.

With all that said, there are always surprises in store at an Apple event. September is a long way off, and things can certainly change. We’ll keep pounding the pavement for more detail — so keep your browser tuned right here.

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Problems with Broadcast TV

Problems with Broadcast TV
Conceptually, satellite TV is a lot like broadcast TV. It's a wireless system for delivering television programming directly to a viewer's house. Both broadcast television and satellite stations transmit programming via a radio signal (see How Radio Works for information about radio broadcasting).
Broadcast stations use a powerful antenna to transmit radio waves to the surrounding area. Viewers can pick up the signal with a much smaller antenna. The main limitation of broadcast TV is range. The radio signals used to broadcast television shoot out from the broadcast antenna in a straight line. In order to receive these signals, you have to be in the direct line of sight of the antenna. Small obstacles like trees or small buildings aren't a problem; but a big obstacle, such as the Earth, will reflect these radio waves.
If the Earth were perfectly flat, you could pick up broadcast TV thousands of miles from the source. But because the planet is curved, it eventually breaks the signal's line of sight. The other problem with broadcast TV is that the signal is often distorted, even in the viewing area. To get a perfectly clear signal like you find on cable, you have to be pretty close to the broadcast antenna without too many obstacles in the way.
The Satellite TV Solution .

Satellite TV solves the problems of range and distortion by transmitting broadcast signals from satellites orbiting the Earth. Since satellites are high in the sky, there are a lot more customers in the line of sight. Satellite TV systems transmit and receive radio signals using specialized antennas called satellite dishes.
Satellites are higher in the sky than TV antennas, so they have a much larger line of sight range.

The TV satellites are all in geosynchronous orbit, meaning that they stay in one place in the sky relative to the Earth. Each satellite is launched into space at about 7,000 mph (11,000 kph), reaching approximately 22,200 miles (35,700 km) above the Earth. At this speed and altitude, the satellite will revolve around the planet once every 24 hours -- the same period of time it takes the Earth to make one full rotation. In other words, the satellite keeps pace with our moving planet exactly. This way, you only have to direct the dish at the satellite once, and from then on it picks up the signal without adjustment, at least when everything works right. (See How Satellites Work for more information on satellite orbits.)

At the core, this is all there is to satellite TV. But as we'll see in the next section, there are several important steps between the original programming source and your TV set.

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Facebook says ‘Like’ button must not be used for voting in promotions

If you’re planning a Facebook campaign that relies on the ‘like’ mechanism any time soon, you might want to have a close look at the social network’s promotions guidelines, which have been updated.
The Facebook promotions guidelines now say that the Like feature – and, in fact, any Facebook functionality – must not be used as a voting mechanism for a promotion. Which means using Likes as a way of determining a new flavour,wholesale the name of a product, or the winning submission in a competition is now out.
At the same time, Facebook has removed bans on promotions of alcohol, gambling, petrol and, of all things, dairy (apparently this had been banned because of laws in some US states stopping any discount on dairy products).
Facebook is making it clear that it is up to whoever is running the promotion to make sure it sticks with all the rules and regulations of Facebook (and, of course, the laws of the country where it’s been run). The new guidelines state that “you are responsible for the lawful operation of that promotion … and compliance with regulations governing the promotion and all prizes offered in connection with the promotion”.
So, are you disappointed that this simple campaign mechanism is no longer available, or do you enjoy a few obstructions to keep you on your toes? Or do you think people will ignore this and assume that unless someone reports them to Facebook, they’ll be able to carry on as they are?

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Nevada Passes Law Authorizing Driverless Cars

The State of Nevada just passed Assembly Bill No. 511 which, among other things, authorizes the Department of Transportation to develop rules and regulations governing the use of driverless cars, such as Google’s concept car, on its roads.
As Stanford Professor Ryan Calo notes, this is a big step forward in ensuring that safe, driverless cars become a reality.
Specifically, the law provides that the Nevada Department of Transportation “shall adopt regulations authorizing the operation of autonomous vehicles on highways within the State of Nevada.”  The law charges the Nevada DOT with setting safety and performance standards and requires it to designate areas where driverless cars may be tested. (Note that this could take some serious time: Japan, for instance, has been promising standards for personal robots for years and has yet to release them.)

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